自動詞 じどうし Intransitive verbs (v.i.): A verb that does not require a direct object is an “Intransitive verb”. The action or state
identified by an intransitive verb relates only to the subject of a sentence. Intransitive verbs take subjects only, and in this case the subject is the things or person experiencing or undergoing the action of the verb. In Japanese there is a strong tendency to view and describe an event as something happening
by itself often beyond the control of an agent.

他動詞 たどうし Transitive verbs (v.t.): A verb that requires a direct object is a “Transitive verb”. It usually expresses an action in
which the activity is directed towards someone or something, as indicated by a direct object. Transitive verbs take subjects, and direct objects (receiver of the action marked by を).

自動詞と他動詞 じどうしとたどうし v.i. and v.t. (PDF file)

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (Tae Kim’s Guide to Learning Japanese)